Halquinol is an antimicrobial used as a feed additive for poultry and a growth promotant in pigs. It is used for the control, treatment, and prevention of scours caused or complicated by E. coli and Salmonella spp. The antimicrobial is approved in multiple Asian and Latin American countries and feed concentrates range from 12-60 % halquinol, with varying dose regimens and withdrawal periods. The approved Halquinol products include Quixalud 60%, Quixalud 60 NF, Quixalud 12% and more. Quixalud 60% is approved in the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Colombia. It is available in multiple approved dosage regimens from 100 – 600 ppm. Quixalud 60% is primarily used for the treatment and prevention of chronic swine scour and diarrhea, treatment of mold infection, and prevention and treatment of scours in pigs associated with Salmonella and E. coli. In Colombia, the chemical is used as a growth promoter and feed efficiency improver.
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Similarly, Quixalud 60 NF, is approved in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, in a dosage range of 60ppm-120ppm. It is used for the control and treatment of diarrhea due to or complicated by E. coli and Salmonella spp., fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus spp.), and protozoa (Entamoeba spp., Trichomonas spp.). The supplement has a withdrawal period of 4 days in the region.
The Quixalud 12% is approved in Peru, Panama, Ecuador, Venezuela, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, Colombia, Dominican Republic, and Guatemala, in two dosage regimens of 60ppm- 120ppm, and 600ppm, as a growth promoter to improve feed efficiency, and to treat chronic diarrhea. Additionally, other products are approved in India and Vietnam as feed supplement and for the prevention and treatment of scours in pigs associated with Salmonella and E. coli., respectively. The recommended dosage of the treatment is 120 ppm and it has a withdrawal period of 7 days.
The global halquinol market is anticipated to grow at a significant CAGR of 7.7% during the forecast period (2024-2031). The market growth is driven by the increasing adoption of halquinol over conventional antibiotics. Additionally, the growing application of halquinol as an additive in poultry or animal feed is expected to drive market growth. However, the market growth is restrained by the lack of awareness about the advantages of halquinol.
The consumption of halquinol is actively regulated by the government to keep a check on potential side effects on the animals. For instance, in June 2021, the European Commission requested the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to research about the food safety concerns about the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) recommended by JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). JECFA derived an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-0.2 mg/kg body weight, based on histopathological changes associated with an increase in mean absolute and relative kidney weights seen in a 1- year chronic toxicity study conducted in rats. JECFA recommended MRLs (Maximum Residues Levels) for halquinol of 500, 9000, 40, and 350 ?g/kg in pigs liver, kidney, muscle, and skin+fat, respectively. The government aims to ensure the safety of European consumers exposed to foodstuffs from halquinol-treated pigs. However, due to some limitations and uncertainties in the available toxicological database, EFSA is skeptical of the ADI of 0-0.2 mg/kg bw, as set by JECFA.
Major players in the global halquinol market include Lonza Group, Qualicaps LLC, Chengdu W'lgo Chemical Co., Ltd., Omkrown Pharmachem Pvt Ltd, and Vetcare Organics Pvt. Ltd., among others. The market players are contributing significantly to the market growth by the adoption of various business strategies, such as product development, mergers and acquisitions, partnerships, and others. For instance, in 2023, Stallen underwent backward integration. The company unveiled and started operations at a new veterinary API facility in Vatva, Ahmedabad. The product range includes Halquinol 98% made as per the BP 80 (British Pharmacopeia 1980) specifications. It additionally offers Staquinol (Halquinol 12% and 60%), which is highly active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.
Encapsulating, the increasing adoption of halquinol is propelling the market. Additionally, the market players are actively involved in the associated R&D to increase the efficacy of the products. Moreover, the essential government intervention for the product recommendation validates its use for the health of both the animals and the consumers of animal products. Thus, the market is expected to thrive during the forecast period.
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