A myocardial infarction (MI), sometimes referred to as a "heart attack," happens when the blood supply is diminished or interrupted to a particular area of the myocardium. Myocardial infarctions can be "silent" and go unnoticed, or they can be a serious condition that causes hemodynamic deterioration and quick death. The majority of myocardial infarctions are caused by underlying coronary artery disease. Additionally, according to the INTERHEART study, an international multi-center case study, other factors that increase the chances of MI include smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, depression, stress, other life events that are stressful or shocking, and a lack of healthy food consumption such as fruits and vegetables.
The objectives of first MI therapy include pain management, early detection of ST alterations by 12-lead EKG, reperfusion (if the patient is suitable), and evaluation and treatment of hemodynamic abnormalities. Reperfusion treatment is indicated for patients with ST-segment elevation or a new LBBB who have had symptoms for 12 hours or less. Treatment for a MI can be divided into two paths depending on whether the patient has a STEMI or an NSTEMI.
Segments of the Market
The global myocardial infarction treatment market is segmented by type, device, diagnosis, treatment, and end-users. Based on type, the market is sub-segmented into ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) heart attacks, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) heart attacks, and silent heart attacks. Based on device, it is sub-segmented into left ventricular assist devices, pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and others (aspiration-based catheters). Based on diagnosis, it is sub-segmented into electrocardiography (ECG), chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT scan), echocardiography, and others (blood test). Based on treatment, it is sub-segmented into medication, analgesics, thrombolytics, antiplatelet agents, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, surgery, angioplasty, bypass surgery, heart transplant, and others (adrenergic blockers). Further, based on end-users, the market is sub-segmented into hospitals and clinics, ambulatory surgical centers, and research institutes.
Industry Demand
According to OMR Research, the myocardial infarction treatment market is expected to grow at a significant rate during the forecast period of 2023-2029. The major driver of the market is the increase in heart diseases and unhealthy lifestyles that cause stress. According to National Health Interview Survey (NHIS-CDC) mortality statistics from 2015, MI mortality was 114,023 and MI any-mentioned mortality (i.e., MI is stated as a contributing cause on the death certificate) was 151,863. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, claiming an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. Heart attacks and strokes are responsible for more than four out of every five CVD fatalities, with persons under the age of 70 accounting for one-third of these deaths. Such factors prompt market players and government organizations to develop technologies that are useful for faster treatment, which further promotes the MI treatment market’s growth. For instance, in February 2021, the Maharashtra government of India launched the STEMI Maharashtra Programme, endorsed by the Centre’s National Health Mission. After the launch, the data related to the program was announced in September 2022. According to the data, more than 250,000 ECGs were conducted between February 2021 and August 2022, of which 6,144 STEMI cases were detected and treated.
Recent Developments
The key companies in the myocardial infarction treatment market include Anthera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., AstraZeneca plc, Athersys, Inc., Bayer AG, BioVascular, Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., Capricor Therapeutics, Inc., CSL Behring, GlaxoSmithKline plc, GNT Pharma Co., Ltd., Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., Merck KGaA, Mesoblast Ltd., Mylan N.V., NeuroVive Pharmaceutical AB, and Novartis AG, among others. These companies contribute to market growth by offering various treatment options, making investments, conducting research and development, and forming mergers and collaborations. Some of the recent activities in the market include-
• In January 2023, Anthos Therapeutics, a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing novel therapies for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, announced that the first patient had been enrolled in LILAC-TIMI 76. It is a Phase 3 study to assess the efficacy and safety of abelacimab in high-risk patients suffering from atrial fibrillation (AF) who have been deemed unsuitable for current anticoagulants by their physician. The research intends to enroll about 1,900 patients from over 300 sites in North America, Europe, Latin America, and Asia.
• In January 2023, the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) Foundation awarded Hemostemix Inc. a $250,000 Letter of Commitment for investment. The MUHC Foundation will fund $250,000 of the clinical trial expenses under the Letter of Commitment and will collaborate with Hemostemix, Dr. Nadia Giannetti, and Dr. Renzo Cecere to complete a phase II double-blind randomized clinical trial of ACP-01 as a treatment for ischemic cardiomyopathy at the McGill University Health Centre.
• In August 2022, new drug treatment results were published in the New England Journal of Medicine. Accordingly, the Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC) and Ferrer developed a three-drug medication known as a "polypill" that is effective in preventing secondary unfavorable cardiac events in individuals who have previously had a heart attack, lowering cardiovascular mortality by 33% in this patient population.
• In April 2022, a new healthcare company, Forcefield Therapeutics, was founded with an initial investment of $6.8 million from Syncona, a renowned FTSE 250 healthcare firm. Forcefield Tx was formed by scientists, industry specialists, and investors with the same goal- revolutionizing therapy following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Forcefield's novel technique can both retain and preserve cardiac cells, reducing the impact of AMI and averting a chain of events that might lead to heart failure.